Point of View in Amy Tan’s Short Story, Two Kinds Essay

Point of View in Amy Tan’s Short Story, Two Kinds In her short story Two Kinds, Amy Tan utilizes the daughters point of view to share a mothers attempts to control her daughters hopes and dreams, providing a further understanding of how their relationship sours. The daughter has grown into a young woman and is telling the story of her coming of age in a family that had emigrated from China. In particular, she tells that her mothers attempted parental guidance was dominated by foolish hopes and dreams. This double perspective allows both the naivety of a young girl trying to identify herself and the hindsight and judgment of a mature woman. Two Kinds is a powerful example of differing personalities causing struggles†¦show more content†¦The daughter is bored with her mothers dreams and lets her pride take over. She often questions her self-worth, and she decides that she respects herself as nothing more than the normal girl that she is and always will be. Her mother is trying to mold her into something that she can never be, she believes, and only by her futile attempts to rebel can she hold on to the respect that she has for herself. The daughter is motivated only to fail so that she may continue on her quest to be normal. Her only motivation for success derives from her own vanity; although she cannot admit it to herself or her mother, she wants the audience to see her as that something that she is not, that same something that her mother hopes she could be. After her failure to satisfy her mother and herself at the talent show, the relationship between them soured at an accelerated pace, culminating in one final argument. Only one kind of daughter can live in this house. Obedient daughter! the mother shouted. Then I wish I werent your daughter, came the reply. A few words later, the daughter delivered the blow that all but destroyed the mothers dreams: Then I wish Id never been born! I wish I were dead! Like them, she screamed, alluding to her mothers miscarriages. In the years that followed, I failed her many times, each time asserting myShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1567 Words   |  7 Pages One of the most complex relationships is that of a mother and daughter. Amy Tan is an author who writes about her life growing up as an Asian-American in Chinatown. Her novel The Joy Luck Club is a series of short stories about Chinese mothers and their assimilated daughters. One of these stories is â€Å"Two Kinds,† which looks into the life of Jing-Mei Woo and her struggle to gain a sense of self. Some key themes in The Joy Luck Club are the generational and intercultural differences among Chinese-AmericanRead MoreComparisson of Mother Tounge and Everyday Use1417 Words   |  6 PagesHernandez Professor Ali ENC 1102 March 20, 2014 Amy Tans, â€Å"Mother Tongue† and Alice Walkers â€Å"Everyday Use† both share similar traits in their writings of these two short stories. â€Å"Mother Tongue† revolves around the experiences Tan and her mother had due to her mothers English speaking limitations, she also revolves her story around the relationship of a mother and daughter. Alice walker on the other hand writes a story narrated by â€Å"Mama† the mother of two daughters Maggie and Dee and explains the conflictingRead MoreTwo Kinds822 Words   |  4 PagesID# 1723801 English 103-276 January 17, 2011-01-17 Two Kinds Amy Tan In the short story â€Å"Two Kinds†, Amy Tan uses the narrator’s point of view to share a mothers attempt to control her daughters dreams and ambitions. Tan`s short story is an example of how differing personalities cause struggles between a parent and child. Children often fall victim to a parent trying too hard or expectations being too high, and in the case of Two Kinds, we see Jing Mei’s mother trying to live her life throughRead MoreHuman Oppressiveness in Two Kinds and AP Essay2357 Words   |  10 PagesIt was Emerson who said it best, â€Å"For nonconformity, the world whips you with its displeasure† (Porter 1155). With a detailed look of Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP,† you will find that this quote is entirely applicable in the context of oppressiveness and in the likeness of â€Å"coming of age.† These two stories document the different perspectives of two characters’ growing up an d how the role of the invisible hand of oppression guides developing adolescents into mature adults; withoutRead MoreStyle Analysis of Amy Tan in The Joy Luck Club1593 Words   |  7 Pagesthe style is often defined as one of the most important elements in writing. In Amy Tans novel, The Joy Luck Club, the style significantly contributes to the development of both the tone and the theme of the influences that a mother can have on her daughter. The author effectively portrays the somber tone and the theme by using a concise style of diction, images, details, language, sentence structure, point of view, and organization. The author emphasizes the tone and the theme of the novel byRead MoreAmy Tan s Two Kinds Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesJing-Mei Woo and her mother are the major characters in Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds.† The two have a complicated mother-daughter relationship at the beginning of the story, but later, as an adult, Jing-Mei realizes the intentions of her mother. â€Å"Two Kinds† is told from Jing-Mei’s point of view as a mature adult who is reflecting on her childhood. Jing-Mei’s thoughts and feelings are revealed, but she and her mother, the antagonist, have conflictingly opposite desires. Jing-Mei’s mother desires for herRead MoreAnalysis Of Amy Tan s The Joy Luck Club Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesLauren Lee 11 September 2016 English 203H 1st Period 3 paragraphs â€Å"The Joy Luck Club† Journey of the Swan In Amy Tan’s story â€Å"The Joy Luck Club,† Jing-mei recalls the struggles she is burdened by in not understanding the extensive sacrifices her mother made and the guilt she carries of never living to be her mother’s swan. For the majority of her life, June has battled with the tedious thoughts of why her mother never seemed content with her. â€Å"Auntie Lin and my mother were both best friends andRead MoreAnalysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1185 Words   |  5 PagesAmy Tan’s short story â€Å"Two Kinds† describes a Chinese immigrant family who hope of finding success and an overall betterment of life in America. After losing everything in China, Jing-mei’s mother, Mrs. Woo, tries as a minority house maid in the 1960s to provide all the opportunities she can for her last daughter. This short story revolves around the interactions between the Jing-mei, who desires a ordinary life, and Mrs. Woo, who seeks only the best from her daughter. The values of these two charactersRead MoreAmy Tan s Two Kinds869 Words   |  4 PagesIn Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds† Jin-Mei mother had dreams as she was coming to America. â€Å"My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America. You could open restaurant. You could work for the government and get good retirement. You could buy a house with almost no money down. You could become rich. You could become instantly famous† (Tan 377). She is not alone. There are many people who come to America to make all these dreams come true. They all come with their children with the hopeRead MoreEssay on Success and Failure in Two Kinds by Amy Tan1889 Words   |  8 PagesAmy Tan, a child of Chinese immigrants, wrote the story â€Å"Two Kinds†, telling the tale of a Jing-Mei’s rebellion against her mother’s desire to change her into a prodigy. As Jing-Mei’s mother continually tells her she does not try hard enough to succeed, the conflict between Jing-Mei and her mother escalates. Jing-Mei grows more stubborn, making every effort to resist her mother, and the relationship devolves into a standoff where mother and daughter both refuse to budge from their position.  "Two

The Company Amazon.com Inc. An E Commerce Based Industry...

Political The company Amazon.Com Inc. an e-commerce based industry can be affected by the country’s political external factors for example: A) political stability of developed countries. It could creates an opportunity to expand . B)Government support for e-commerce. It is an a opportunity as a well a threat, an opportunity because it can continue to expand and diversify it business, a treat because competition will also increase. C) Increasing governmental efforts on cyber-security which could be a positive change. It is an opportunity that Amazon.com should exploit to increase its capacity of recuperation in the remote or macro-environment of e-commerce. Economic Effects on supply and demand determined by the economics environmental of the nation and the rest of world. When there is a recession, population income declines and people become more conservative in their spending. In contrast, with the growing population and increase access to the internet in large population countries, the e-commerce business has grown tremendously. â€Å"Asia Pacific’s internet retailing market is expected to overtake North America due to its large population size, rising incomes and increasing familiarity with technology (Euro Monitor International, 2013), China and India are also gaining more access to broadband to the internet this factor aided Amazon to growth incredibly. Social Billions of users can be gotten through proper use of social networking giants, andShow MoreRelatedPestel / Pestle Analysis Of Amazon971 Words   |  4 Pagesabout its Pest analysis is Amazon. Amazon.com Inc. successfully shelters the issues shown in the PESTEL/PESTLE examination of its e-commerce business and remote or macro-environment. The PESTEL/PESTLE Analysis model is a tool for classifying the external factors that shape the conditions of a company’s remote or macro-environment. In the case of Amazon, the circumstances of the online retail market are measured. As the largest firm in the market, the company enjoys the benefits of high revenuesRead MoreAmazons Competitive Analysis1296 Words   |  6 Pagescompetition. Due to the shift of focus for Amazon, it has become the Earths biggest anything store. Its competitors have expanded from just online book retailers Barnes and Nobles and Borders to top audio retailers CDNOW.com and online auction house e-bay.com. Amazon has an overall lead of 40% market share against the other online retail firms. Their international business has more than doubled over the past 2 years Amazons primary value chain includes purchasing/sourcing, marketing, distributionRead MoreDemand Elasticity Of Amazon s Product1285 Words   |  6 Pageson over 10,000 eligible items on the website. Besides that great benefit prime users can stream instant video, music, read eBooks and various other perks. This is a type of bundle pricing tactic the leads customer to purchase exclusively on the Amazon.com platform for everyday products. As deliberated in our textbook, â€Å"The purpose of bundle pricing is to induce the buyer to spend more than they would have if they had only bought one unit of the product, and thus increase the overall revenue of theRead MoreComparison between Borders Books and Amazon.com Books1726 Words   |  7 PagesBorders Books and Amazon.com Borders Books This essay examines similar bookselling businesses with dissimilar outcomes, Borders Books and Amazon.com books. The essay reviews their histories and business strategies and explores reasons behind their respective success and failure. The Borders Group Inc. was at one time the nations second largest retailers of books, along with music and other educational, informational and entertainment products. 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The Company s North America portion concentrates on retail offers of cust omer items from venders and memberships, through itsRead MoreThe, Inc. : An American Electronic Commerce And Cloud Computing Company Residing1021 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Problem Background Amazon.com, Inc. is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company residing in Seattle, Washington. It is the largest Internet-based retailer in the United States. Amazon.com started as an online bookstore and later it diversified its product range by selling DVDs, CDs, videos, DVDs, electronics, toys, tools, home furnishings and housewares, apparel, and kitchen gadgets. 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The Jacksonian Era Free Essays

The Jacksonian period (1824-1845) has been celebrated as the era of the â€Å"common man†. To what extent did the period live up to its characterization? As Andrew Jackson campaigned for presidency, he set himself up to look like the â€Å"common man’s† best friend. Throughout his presidency, he proved that this image was not truthful. We will write a custom essay sample on The Jacksonian Era or any similar topic only for you Order Now More accurately, he was called â€Å"King Andrew. † He ignored the political system, played favorites, and was completely against Indian Rights. No, the Jacksonian Era did not live up to it’s characterization as the era of the â€Å"common man. Instead, the country bowed down as King Andrew ruled from his throne. Andrew Jackson was no friend to the common man. His laws instead favored a ruler instead of a president. When Head of Congress, John Marshall said that the Native Americans were â€Å"dependent domestic nations† Jackson ignored him and continued with the Indian Removal Act. In doing so, he ignored the entire political system in favor of his own beliefs. The Indian Removal Act gave states the right to take over Native American land, it is also the beginning of the â€Å"Trail of Tears†.Or, shipping Indians to the West. When a bill was passed through Congress asking for money to build the Maysville road, a road in Kentucky, Jackson immediately vetoed it. His public reasoning was that it was unconstitutional to give money to a state for something that would only benefit that one state. Privately, it was probably more accurate that he did not give Kentucky the money due to the fact that it was the home state of Henry Clay, his rival. Andrew Jackson did things according to his own feelings, not the needs of the country.Jackson is opposed to the Second National Bank. He distrusts banks in general. He was in favor of using coins for everything, instead of paper money. He thought of the Bank as a monopoly. After removing federal funds from the bank, he placed the government’s money in â€Å"pet banks†, or privately owned state banks. This led to the Panic of 1837. Most of Jackson’s mistrust of the Bank mostly came from his personal misgivings about them. He was a selfish president.During Jackson’s presidency, he did not act like America’s president but as if he were king of America. Henry Clay said, â€Å"Jackson claimed powers greater than European kings. † This was a very true statement. Jackson acted mostly on his own personal feelings towards the issue instead of what was best for the country. He caused economic turmoil for the entire country for acting on his own feelings. This is why the Jacksonian Era should be more accurately called the ear of â€Å"King Jackson† than that of the â€Å"common man. † How to cite The Jacksonian Era, Papers

Managing and Developing a Global Workforce

Question: Discuss about "Managing and developing a global workforce". Answer: Section 1 Avons international practices of human resource It is very crucial for any of the concerned firms to understand the desired requirements of the concerned market segments as to execute their concerned business processes. The international management of the human resources critically evaluates the desired set of the actions which aims to manage the global level of the human resources for the concerned firm and helps in achieving the objectives of the firm as well as it provides the competitive advantage over the other competitors concerned. The employees are considered to be the most significant assets of any of the particular firm as they enhance the effectiveness of the concerned firm. Avon is one of the leading companies dealing with the beauty, personal care and the household items for the respective women (Avon, 2016). The 2013 reports of the firm evaluate the desired fact that the annual sales of the company were near $10.0 billion. The human resource management of the Avon Company plays the vital role in evaluating the busine ss process of the concerned firm. It is the key responsibility of the concerned managers of the firm to evaluate the desired needs of the organization and formulate effective strategies in order to enhance the satisfaction and the reliability of the concerned users (Adams, 2014). The company sells its products for more than 100 cities throughout the world and thus the management of the complete workforce is very crucial for the firm. There are some of the crucial responsibilities of the Human Resource Department for any of the concerned association. They are the recruitment of the effective and the efficient employees within the firm, training to the employees, professional development, benefits along with the compensation and the ensuring of the legal compliance (Armstrong, 2014). There are some of the crucial practices for the International human resource management, which are as follows: Recruitment as well as the selection In order to enhance the effectiveness of the entire firm the most crucial is to recruit the potential and skilled candidates as will help to improve the overall profitability of the firm. The mission, as well as the vision of the concerned firm, plays the most significant role in enhancing the successful growth of the organization (Bign Alcaiz et al., 2010). HR staffing, as well as the selection practices usually, are merely based on the association's mission along with the office culture. For illustration, an employer that distinguishes the worth of place of work diversity hold recruitment practice intended to catch the attention of a different candidate pool. Staffing practices lie beneath recruiting actions and purposes such as funding profession fairs at different college as well as universities with varied apprentice populations, promotion job vacancy crossways numerous venue to attain a wide audience (Brewster, 2011). There are different companies who eventually use different t echniques to manage the employees on the international level as to facilitate the desired expansion of the concerned firm. The qualifications, skills and the desired experience of the candidates are considered to be of immense importance as this improves the overall performance of the concerned association. Balance between the Work-Life Flexibility within the work-life schedules of the respective employees associate with the firm is important as this enhances the willingness of the employees towards the work process of the firm. Implementing elastic work timetable, offering employees with the telecommuting choice along with training supervisor to mark signs of the concerned place of work pressure advice the managerial culture evenly supports workers to achieve work-life stability. Managing the arrangement of logistics, modifying expertise for distant access along with conducting the effective training assembly are fundamentally transactional tasks (Burke, Noblet, and Cooper, 2012). Though, these concerned functions eventually make consequences learning work atmosphere since they allow superior competence and, thus, amplify the concerned time workers have to dedicate to relatives obligations as well as individual endeavors. Training as well as Development Effectual means of the training is significant for the development of the work processes of the concerned firm. Training to the newly recruited employees helps to make them understand the business as well as the work process of the concerned organization. The development of the products of the Avon Company needs to be evaluated by the respective employees of the firm. The employees should understand their desired role as to bring out the desired positive outcomes for the organization concerned. Training along with growth are HR supervision functions that comprise the fresh member of staff orientation, occupation skills guidance, management preparation as well as expert development (Entrekin and Scott-Ladd, 2013). These actions progress employees' work skills within their existing location as well as furnish them with desired skills with knowledge for the cross serviceable job that may amplify their worth to the association. Proficient development sustains an association succession pr eparation plan by organizing the desired future leaders merely for the superior level occupation along with more dependability. HR administration guidance, as well as development function, replicates advertising from inside practice along with support workers job goals. Compensation The use of the compensation increases the willpower of the employees to provide their best efforts in order to expand the desired business functions of the concerned organization. Compensation plus benefits frequently are sighted mutually, presenting an inclusive vision of how employer recompenses their respective employees (Fabozzi and Markowitz, 2011). Though, it seems at recompense by itself propose a clean image of HR supervision practices since worker wages contain up to 70 percent of the concerned employer's price to function her dealing. Hiring and retaining the best workforce within India and China The employees from different parts of India and china needed to be selected on the basis of their ability and skills and as per the business requirement. This will help to manage the local customers throughout the respective country. Two of these countries have different requirements as per their work cultures are concerned. The overview of the human resource management helps in understands the practices and the roles of the HR managers within the concerned firm. Human resources operational function includes setting of the administration, record maintenance as well as new worker and the payroll dispensation. These two countries have different capable employees who can understand the brains and the crucial needs of the customers (Duarte, 2010). The desired extent towards which HR subdivision staff holds these particular operational function depending upon their skill, bulk of the workers as well as the departmental financial plan. In numerous cases, the branch budget is able to hold u p outsource these particular operational function, thus allowing the concerned time for the HR personnel to dedicate its concentration to effective HR planned supervision as an alternative of focus on employees administration kind of duties (Entrekin and Scott-Ladd, 2013). The selection of the employees needed to be done on the basis of the desired qualification that the employees retain. The most crucial for the firm is to enhance the effectiveness among the employees of the organization. Moreover, the selection of the local employees that is of the respective country will help in evaluating the desired growth of an entire firm. Cross-cultural training and practices Cross-cultural training is of great importance as it helps the employees to understand the value of the different cultures across the world and makes them understand to respect these cultures. The role of the managers would be to enhance the desired mentality of the concerned employees regarding paying respect to the cross cultures of the different countries such as India and China. The political, as well as the cultural environment, needs to be considered as to maintain the stability of the working process of the concerned firm. The role of the Human Resource department is to enhance the diversified cultural practices in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the concerned (Fabozzi and Markowitz, 2011). The most general as well as most extremely rated kinds of the cross-cultural teaching assuming by the reacting graduates are universal cultural consciousness, operational through or supervising cultural variety along among culture-specific guidance. The mainly highly rated preparatio n approaches impartial lecturing along with interactive movements or the combined lecture and the fieldwork. The information plus skills of the trainer were too rated as to be the one of the finest aspects of cross-cultural preparation. Fulfillment rating by the graduates for optional cross-cultural teaching division was nearly 12% superior to for interior units. Whereas three-quarter of reacting graduates supposed the period of cross-cultural guidance was very suitable, half recommended that enlarged moment would develop the session of training (Fukukawa, 2014). There must be suggested amplified communication plus content for the desired training session. Section 2 Dealing with the culturally diversified workforces Cultural dimensions of china and India with that of USA There are some of the crucial factors which reflect the cultural differences between china, India with that of USA. There are different types of the cultural dimensions such as the individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation and Indulgence. In order to compare the cultural dimensions of china and India with that of the USA, it is important to understand the desired impact of these dimensions on china (Gilbert, De Winne and Sels, 2015). The basic problem addressed by particularly this element isthe concerned scale of interdependence a culture maintain amongst its respective members.It mainly refers that the self-image of the people with the words such as "I" or "We". In nonconformist societys public are hypothetical to seem behind themselves and their through people only. In collective society public goes within groups which take concern of them in substitute for loyalty. These factors evaluate the deseeded culture prevailing within the china and it is imp ortant for the HR managers to formulate the effective strategies also facilitate the growth of the concerned firm. At the particular score of the 20, China is an extremely collective culture wherever public performs in the well-being of the concerned group and not unavoidably of themselves (Griseri and Seppala, 2010). In general group thought influences the hiring as well as the desired promotion with quicker in a group (like the family) is receiving privileged treatment. Worker promise to the association (except unavoidably towards the public within the association) is little. While dealings with the different types of the colleagues, it is helpful for interior groups which are aggressive for those groups. Individual relations succeed over mission along with the company. Masculinity is one of another crucial factor which reveals the desired cultural aspects of china (Hartel and Fujimoto, 2010). An elevated score (male) on particular this element indicate that the concerned society may be motivated by opposition, attainment as well as success, with the desired victory being definite by the actual winner / finest within ground the worth scheme that starts within school plus continues all through organizational existence. A lower feminine score on particular this dimension reflects that the prevailing ethics within the culture are kind for the others as well as the excellence in the life. This society is considered to be one where the desired superiority of existence is the desired symbol of accomplishment and status out as of the mass is not commendable. The primary reason is to understand the desired requirements or the demands of the choices of the females or the concerned males within that particular country (Heery and Noon, 2008). It is very crucial for the human resource department to understand the desired value of the diverse workforce of the different countries especially with that of the china and India as compared with that of USA. Now evaluating these two cultural dimensions of USA will reflect the desired execution of the business process within the country. The American principle is freedom along with fairness for all. This is the desired evidence by an open stress on equivalent rights in all of the aspect of the concerned American culture as well as government . Inside American organization, the hierarchy is recognized for expediency, superior are easy to get to and manager depends on the individual workers along with the team for their concerned expertise. Together managers, as well as workers, anticipate to be consulting with information that is common frequently (HRM and Quantitative: Decision Tree and Vector Analysis in HRM Theory, 2014). At the similar time, the desired means of communication is casual, direct as well as participative to the certain degree. The culture is merely within which the anticipation is which public seem behind themselves with their instant family only plus must not depend (too greatly) on the establishment for the desired support. The score of US is seen to be 62 on Masculinity and this reflects the typical behavioral pattern of an American. This is mainly described by the arrangement ofan elevated drive of Masculinity mutually through the very Individualist drive throughout the world. Furthermore, Americans, need to talk,for showing their Masculine force independently (Jacobs, 2009). The Chinese, though, contain the identical culture in particularly this admiration. The query, consequently, must be: is the similar force not usually to be highlighted on the exterior? This dissimilarity is an indication of the concerned senior score for the US on the hesitation escaping as compared with that of UK. Moreover, in both the society, the same drives can be easily found, but the Americans reflects it up-front while the Chinese will give rise to surprise. There is another cultural dimension such as the long-term orientation which also creates a major effect on t he managing the diverse workforce of the firm. Indias score on individualism is 48 and this is a society particularly with individualistic and the collectivist traits (Lane, 2012). The collectivist part reveals that here is an elevated liking for being within a superior social structure in which persons are predictable to take action in agreement with the superior concerned products. In such circumstances, the proceedings of the personality are mainly prejudiced by a variety of perception like the view of an individual family, comprehensive family, neighbors, the desired job group as well as other such different types of the networks that a person has various affiliations The manager or the employee association is the best of prospect based on the desired prospect Loyalty of the concerned worker and approximately family guard by concerned Employer. Figure: Cultural dimension of china Vs USA Implications of these dissimilarities for the cross-cultural communications and leaderships The differences of the cross-cultural communication eventually give rise to many of the conflicts. Therefore, it is crucial for any of the concerned organization to understand the desired aspects of the different cultures prevailing in different countries and people or the employees needs to respect these cultures. The managers are the concerned leaders then play the most crucial role in evaluating the desired growth and the expansion of the entire firm within that particular country. In order to overcome these difference between the different types of the people coming from different cultures, the effective use of the communication process needs to be adopted it will help in reducing the conflicts within the workplace and will enhance the effectiveness of the firm. Cultures openly influence business communication procedures, together verbal as well as nonverbal (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2008). A few cultures, counting Australia's, that of United Kingdom as well as Germany, put ele vated consequence to the expressions really spoken. Different cultures, counting Japan as well as Arab customs, still put implication on the verbal sound, but to put the huge consequence on the desired circumstance of the discussion (Rigoberto Parada Daza, 2009). Stillness carries connotation in all of the different cultures, also this may interpret in diverse ways throughout cross-cultural trade meeting. The concerned manager or the concerned leader's needs to evaluate the deseeded significance and the importance of the different cultures that prevails within some of the well-known countries such as China and India as it will help to increase the productivity as well as the profitability of the firm. Training is considered to be of immense importance as it helps in developing the desired communicational skills and the ability of the concerned employees coming from diverse cultures. Some business could decide to follow the professional session of training within effective business c ommunication through a magnitude on cultural perceptive. For illustration, the international Business Communication teaching plans accessible by Different University consist of training on the different types of cross-cultural consciousness for the global business setting (Sison, 2015). Participant dissects educational case studies, study communication expertise as well as perform sustainable trade communication ability. Section 3 Future expansion Impact of the role of women in both countries on Avons HR development plan A woman plays the most imperative role in making effective HR practices on managing the employees of the concerned firm. The HR practice of Avon internationally is quite good as per the diversified workforce are concerned. The two of the countries i.e. India and China have diverse cultures which need to critically understand by the Women in order to facilitate the HR development plan for Avon on managing the concerned employees associated with the firm. The women play the different character at the same instance in evaluating the desired growth of the concerned firm (Thompson, 2011). The managers need to understand the desired requirements of the different employees respective of their gender. The management of the female employees needs to be on top priority as India is concerned because there are several cases of workplace harassment and sexual assault on the women. Similarly, through china the women need to create awareness among the different people regarding the development of t he mentality and maintaining the effectiveness within the concerned workplaces (Trong Tuan, 2012). A serious responsibility that the HR leaders or manager undertake is functioning with the administration to conclude the business future personnel requirements, salary expenses along with expenditures. She manages particularly the corporations interior as well as exterior society dealings programs. She frequently creates plus conducts worker approach surveys, workings to get better work relations, oversee or create in-house circular as well as publication, worker help programs, employee transfer services, corrective events along with outplacement facilities. The women of these two countries need to evaluate the significance e of the development of the business process of Avon as well as it should help in managing the desired employees of the organization. Training in addition to human resource improvement is the central segment of HRM as this could comprise historically disqualified so cial group as well as particularly women in diverse teaching as well as development program (Vardy and Vardy, 2012). One of the best programs is the effective leaderships expertise teaching as an imperative step within career expansion of workers with management potential, which leads more to the expansion of peak management on the basis of diversity ethics. HR professionals to propose the strategy for escalating worker obligation towards the association. This begins by using the employing process or harmonizing employees by the correct position as per the desired qualifications. Previously hired, workers should be dedicated to their respective jobs plus feel challenge all through the year from their concerned manager. The HRM squad of Avon including the skillful women helps a trade to expand competitive benefits, which engage structuring the ability of the corporation so it may propose exclusive sets of the desired goods or the concerned services to all the respective customers (Va rma and Budhwar, 2013). To construct effectual human resources, personal companies contend with all other in the conflict for ability." It is not concerning hiring ability; this sport is concerning keeping public and serving them develop as well as stay dedicated more than the longer-term. There are certain key issues within India and China which need to be analyzed properly as this will help in bringing out the desired positive results of the firm. Training to the newly recruited employees helps to make them understand the business as well as the work process of the concerned organization (Visser, 2010). The development of the products of the Avon Company needs to be evaluated by the respective employees of the firm. In order to reduce the HR issues or the conflicts between the employees coming from the diverse culture most crucial is to understand the needs and demands of the concerned, market segments. Collaboration between the employees and their working styles is significant for maintaining the effectiveness within the workplace of the concerned firm. The women help to enhance the understanding between the employees of different countries such as India and China. At different levels within an association, the managers as well as HR expert work jointly to expand the desired ability as well as the capability of the concerned employees (Warner, 2005). For instance, HR professional advice manager along with supervisor for assigning workers to the diverse role within the association, thereby serving the association acclimatize productively to its surroundings. In an elastic association, workers are shift approximately to diverse trade function on the basis of trade priority in addition to employee preferences. Understanding the desired needs of the employees is crucial as it helps in maintaining the efficiency of the firm. The women of India, as well as China, come from diverse cultures and this creates an immense impact on the execution of the business procedure of the firm. The woman HR professional of these two countries understand the desired cultures of their concerned countries and provides the desired effort to evaluate the growth of the entire firm. The Women HR professionals to suggest effective strategies for rising worker obligation to the association. This begins by by means of the recruiting procedure or harmonizing people through the right position as per their desired qualifications (Warner, 2005). The Chinese, though, contain the identical culture in particularly this admiration. Together managers, as well as workers, anticipate being consulting with information that is common frequently. Flexibility within the work-life schedules of the respective employees associate with the firm is important as this enhances the willingness of the employees towards the work process of the firm. At the similar time, the desired means of communication is casual, direct as well as participative to the certain degree. Formerly hired, the workforce should be dedicated to their respective jobs as well as feel challenging all through the year with the respective manager. Managing the arrangement of logistics, modifying expertise for distant access along with conducting the effective training assembly are fundamentally transactional tasks (White and Druker, 2013). The women critically reflect the desired success of the entire firm depends on managing the employees within the concerned firm and offering suitable facilities as per the crucial needs. The use of the compensation increases the willpower of the employees to provide their best efforts in order to expand the desired business functions of the concerned organization. References Adams, M. (2014). Latest Developments in Officers Duties of SMEs.Journal of Business Systems, Governance Ethics, 6(3). Armstrong, M. (2014).Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. London: Kogan Page. avon, a. (2016).Avon Products Inc. Bhatia, S. (2008).Emerging human resource management (HRM). New Delhi: Deep Deep Pub. Pvt. Ltd. Bign Alcaiz, E., Alvarado Herrera, A., Currs Prez, R. and Rivera Alcami, J. (2010). Latest evolution of academic research in corporate social responsibility: an empirical analysis.Social Responsibility Journal, 6(3), pp.332-344. Brewster, C. (2011).International human resource management. London. Burke, R. and Cooper, C. (2012).Human resource management in the nonprofit sector. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Burke, R., Noblet, A. and Cooper, C. (2012).Human resource management in the public sector. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Carroll, C. (2013).The handbook of communication and corporate reputation. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. Corporate Social Responsibility. (2016).IJSR, 5(1), pp.1829-1831. Duarte, F. (2010). Corporate social responsibility in a Brazilian mining company: official and divergent narratives.Social Responsibility Journal, 6(1), pp.4-17. Entrekin, L. and Scott-Ladd, B. (2013).Human Resource Management and Change. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 3B (EBNA3B). (2012).Science-Business eXchange, 5(13). Fabozzi, F. and Markowitz, H. (2011).The theory and practice of investment management. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Fukukawa, K. (2014).Corporate Social Responsibility and Local Community in Asia. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Gilbert, C., De Winne, S. and Sels, L. (2015). Strong HRM processes and line managers' effective HRM implementation: a balanced view.Human Resource Management Journal, 25(4), pp.600-616. Griseri, P. and Seppala, N. (2010).Business ethics and corporate social responsibility. S.l.: South-Western Cengage Learning. Hartel, C. and Fujimoto, Y. (2010).Human resource management. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia. Heery, E. and Noon, M. (2008).A dictionary of human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. HRM and Quantitatives: Decision Tree and Vector Analysis in HRM Theory. (2014).CBR, 13(06). Jacobs, C. (2009).Management rewired. New York, N.Y.: Portfolio. Lane, M. (2012).Eco-republic. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Marchington, M. and Wilkinson, A. (2008).Human resource management at work. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Rigoberto Parada Daza, J. (2009). A valuation model for corporate social responsibility.Social Responsibility Journal, 5(3), pp.284-299. Sison, A. (2015).Happiness and virtue ethics in business. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Thompson, P. (2011). The trouble with HRM.Human Resource Management Journal, 21(4), pp.355-367. Trong Tuan, L. (2012). Corporate social responsibility, ethics, and corporate governance.Social Responsibility Journal, 8(4), pp.547-560. Vardy, P. and Vardy, C. (2012).Ethics matters. London: SCM Press. Varma, A. and Budhwar, P. (2013).Managing human resources in Asia-Pacific. Hoboken: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group. Visser, W. (2010).The A to Z of corporate social responsibility. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley. Warner, M. (2005).Human Resource Management in China Revisited. London: Taylor Francis Ltd. White, G. and Druker, J. (2013).Reward Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.

Samsung Product Innovations Essay Sample free essay sample

Back in 1994. Samsung’s cell-phone quality was so hapless that its CEO burned inexpensive theoretical accounts in a company balefire. Today. it has the Galaxy S smartphone series. which touts state-of-the-art eyeglasses ( 1 GHz processor. 5-megapixel camera ) . It has sold more than 10 million units since its June introduction and has helped inch Samsung closer to unseating Nokia as the world’s top mobile-phone shaper. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. fastcompany. com/most-innovative-companies/2011/profile/samsung. php Processing Power The first of Samsung’s new merchandises announced at the keynote was the Exynos 5 Octa. the world’s foremost nomadic application processor to implement the ARM ® large. LITTLEâ„ ¢ treating engineering based on the Cortexâ„ ¢-A15 CPU. Following the Exynos 5Dual. which is already on board of market-leading merchandises such as the Google Chromebook and Nexus 10. the replacement is the newest add-on to the Exynos household of application processors. â€Å"The new Exynos 5 Octa introduces a whole new construct in processing architecture†¦designed for high-end smartphones and tablets. We will write a custom essay sample on Samsung Product Innovations Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † said Woo. â€Å"When you want multiple applications to execute at their best. you want the best application processor presently available—the Exynos 5 Octa. † Green Memory Capabilities As advanced treating power on nomadic devices accelerates easier informations creative activity by the multitudes. the nomadic experience will progressively go more dependent upon datacenters mostly responsible for the proliferating informations traffic. Turning in size and capacity. IT systems face challenges both in public presentation and power nest eggs to procure sustainability traveling frontward. Memory devices. the chief merchandises for waiters that make up these datacenters. can present significant additions by following cutting-edge engineering available from Samsung. Woo pointed out that pull offing the power ingestion in these datacenters have become important and that Samsung’s green memory solutions with solid province thrusts ( SSD ) and advanced DRAM ( dynamic random entree memory ) are turn toing this cardinal issue with their powerful. yet energy-efficient processing capablenesss. Compared to traditional datacenters that incorporate difficult disc thrusts ( HDD ) . waiter and storage solutions equipped with green memory pull the informations processing speeds up sextuple while runing with 26 per centum less electricity hypertext transfer protocol: //www. samsung. com/global/business/semiconductor/news-events/press-releases/detail? newsId=12521 hypertext transfer protocol: //global. samsungtomorrow. com/ ? p=22157

The Story Behind Words for Hair Color

The Story Behind Words for Hair Color The Story Behind Words for Hair Color The Story Behind Words for Hair Color By Mark Nichol The conventions for referring to hair color are tousled. Why is it that we refer to someone with light-colored hair as a blonde (and, rarely, a blond) but we call someone with red hair a redhead? Why are blonde and brunette spelled two ways? Blond and its feminine form blonde, both from the Latin word blundus (â€Å"yellow†) by way of French, may have in turn come from a Frankish word that could be related to Old English blondan, â€Å"to mix,† which shares its origins with blend. Blond is usually employed as an adjective, the term as a noun for a man with blond hair, by contrast, is rare. Because blonds and blondes are more likely to be fair-skinned as well as fair-haired, the term is also associated with light complexion. The presence of both masculine and feminine forms for blond/blonde and brunet/brunette is due to their French (and ultimately Latin) roots, as it were, as opposed to the Germanic origins of black and red, the words for the other major hair colors, which have a neutral form. Normally, English might have jettisoned one gendered form for blond/blonde. However, the venerable theme in popular culture of the blonde-haired woman as more sexually attractive and available (as well as flighty, shallow, and dimwitted), as compared to females with hair of another color, has caused the noun form blonde and brunette to endure. The numerous terms for variations in blond hair, not necessarily in order of darkness, include sandy, strawberry, and dirty. Towhead (the first syllable refers to its resemblance to tow, flax or hemp fibers used for twine or yarn) describes a person with yellowish and often unruly hair. Brunet and brunette, from the gender-specific diminutives of the French brun (â€Å"brown†), mean â€Å"brown haired.† (Brun and its diminutives originally also referred to a dark complexion.) As with blond and blonde, the male form is rarely used on its own as a noun, though the masculine and feminine variations persist probably because of the same double standard in association of hair color with female sexuality and with personality characteristics as mentioned in reference to blondes above. (Dark-haired women are stereotyped as serious, sophisticated, and capable.) Words for shades of brown hair, from darkest to lightest, are brunet/brunette, chestnut, walnut (the last two as compared to colors of the respective nuts), golden, and ash. Redhead is yet another term for hair color used as a noun; in contrast to the colors mentioned above, it is not gender specific, though as blonde and brunette are much more common in usage than blond and brunet, it is more likely to refer to a woman than a man. Variations in red hair, listed in alphabetical order rather than according to depth of color, include auburn, copper, ginger, and orange. (Auburn derives ultimately from the Latin word albus, meaning â€Å"white,† but thanks to the influence of brun, the French spelling auborne changed, as did the meaning, to â€Å"reddish brown.†) The prevailing and long-standing cultural stereotype about redheads is that they are hot tempered; the hair color has also been associated with a high libido. Alone among descriptions of people with general hair tones, a black-haired person is never referred to by the word black alone. Hair-color categories are arbitrary strawberry blond is sometimes considered a type of red hair, and auburn might be classified as a type of brown hair though a system called the Fischer-Saller scale, devised for anthropological and medical classification, assigns alphabetical letters and roman numerals to various grades of hair color. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Religious Terms You Should KnowDawned vs. Donnedâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

Budgeted Health Promotion Activity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Budgeted Health Promotion Activity - Coursework Example Community based health promotion is the most effective away out to execute such programs. This is because; it gives community members the opportunity to change their health risk habits. It is also easy to execute, as it can be done through individual counseling, focused group discussions, leaflets distribution or local support groups. It is effective when community leaders take part in achieving the set program goals and objectives. This should be focused at culture level since it is the best predictor of health habit change. Behavior change starts at an individual level but, its effectiveness will be realized at community level. Those with information should be able to disseminate the same information to those who do not have it. This can be achieved through community discussion forums need to be organized on a regular basis. Their main theme will be making people practice healthy choices. To ensure that there is overwhelming support toward the newly initiated programs; the communit y should be involved in the planning and implementation phases of the project. The community needs to be enlightened that healthy practices are the key to disease prevention, disability and death. This should involve encouraging people to adopt lifestyles that are beneficial to their well-being, while trying to abandon those lifestyles which make them vulnerable to sickness. Table of fixed, variable, controllable and unrecoverable expenses Fixed expenses Amount ($) Staff Salaries Rent Consultants costs Insurance cover for employees Variable expenses Fuel costs Car Maintenance costs Space and equipment hiring fee Materials Delivery costs Controllable expenses Program curriculum materials Program publicity materials Training of program facilitators Postages costs Unrecoverable expenses Equipment Packaging costs Material Shipping costs Travel costs Material Storage costs Cost-benefit analysis By definition, cost benefit analysis refers to as the act of comparing the cost of setting up a project or a program with the expected outcome. This technique help in making decision on whether to take up a new opportunity or make a change on an ongoing project or programmed. It simply entails summing up the benefits of an intended course and subtracting related costs (Brent, 2009). According to Brent (2009), the most accurate and best common unit of measuring cost benefit analysis is the money value. Despite the fact that at times it becomes difficult to evaluate some services in terms of money, it still remains to be the standard unit of comparison between costs and benefits in any project or program. For this case, the money aspect comes in particularly when the beneficiary access the opportunity of getting free counseling on sexually transmitted infections and even treatment before being circumcised. This would mean they will use this money in solving other day to day problems that they might encounter. The project has several benefits, this range from job creation to re duction in the rate of prevalent rates of HIV/AIDS in the intended area. The reduction in the prevalent rates of the disease might be a long term benefit, which will be realized after a substantial duration of time. For instance, the most immediate benefit is job creation, where the locals will get job opportunities as, project facilitators, monitoring and

The reasons behind the proliferation of electronic over print Essay

The reasons behind the proliferation of electronic over print newspapers - Essay Example The preference of the e- newspaper over the printed ones has been due to its environmental benefits. That is, the electronic newspaper "has enhanced the environmental stewardship for sustainable growth" (Cherian and Farouk 194). The electronic newspaper has enabled zero use of the paper thus a reduction in the number of trees cut down. As a result, the electronic newspaper has made it easy for the reduction of the amount of atmospheric carbon (IV) oxide through the promotion of the development of carbon sink. Its environmental benefit has made it gain more prominence in the wake of environmental sustainability. However, traditional printed products have also been involved in environmentally friendly practices like the reusing and recycling of the papers even though the practices are not a hundred percent eco- friendly. The electronic newspaper has, therefore, proven to be more proactive in conserving the environment as opposed to a print newspaper that is reactive. In addition, it pr events the chances of littering the environment using the read printed papers. For instance, the electronic newspaper prevents the paving of the subways and streets with discarded newspapers. It, therefore, offers a spirit of environmental protection and sustainability, which are critical issues for development goals.  The preference of the electronic newspaper over the print version is due to its convenience. That is, the natural factor like the wind and rainfall affect the readability of the print newspaper and can also be prevented.

Aging (the elderly), the individual, and society Essay

Aging (the elderly), the individual, and society - Essay Example The abuse status outcome was regressed in a hierarchical logistic procedure on indicators† (Zoabi, 2004). The four major explanations for the rise of elder abuse looked at by the author included sociodemographic status, dependency, modernization, and social integration. The author found that these four factors were indeed important in correlating elder abuse in modern society. This research took place in terms of concept in relation to the public’s attitudes about the importance of elder care in this society versus their personal application of these values. The research also considered variables related to quality of care in elderly patients who have particular healthcare needs, such as long-term care. It considered a broad focus of issues dealing with elder care in the present healthcare system and also present recommendations for future changes in the system, based on present problems as identified through survey and literature review. This was a qualitative study that was of the quasi-experimental variety because of its resources. The author highlights how abuse and neglect are too often visited upon older individuals who have lost some degree of their independence, and many areas do not have the programs necessary to effectively counter this threat. There is even abuse and neglect that goes on within healthcare facilities, and this is perhaps the most insidious sort of abuse. In some cultures, the elderly are prized and honored above all other citizens and groups, but unfortunately this is not the case in the present culture of many areas of the western hemisphere. Older individuals are more likely to be seen as being in the way of the young than as role models who should be exalted because of their aged wisdom. Presently, however, many individuals are treated harshly by healthcare facilities and even their own kin, making elder

The Challenges Of The Twenty First Century Education Essay

The Challenges Of The Twenty First Century Education Essay Introduction This chapter reviews the relevant literature used in this study in a thematic and systematic manner. It begins with reviewing texts related to the contemporary local and global challenges. It then discusses the national goals of education in Kenya relating them to the demands of the 21st century. Teacher education in Kenya is then reviewed and finally the system of education in Kenya is examined. 2.2.0 The challenges of the twenty first century The 21st Century has been conceived as: The age of Globalization, the age of Knowledge Economy, and the Information age. Globalization refers to the contemporary social reality, which is characterized by change, uncertainty, unpredictability, complexity, interdependence and diversity. According to Giddens (1990) and Albrow (1994), it refers to the process by which human relations are increasingly being intensified. As a result, economic, political, cultural and social distinctions are becoming less and less inhibitive. Advancement, especially in the information and telecommunication sectors has compressed time and space and the world is gradually becoming a borderless forum for human interaction popularly known as the global village. The educational challenges in a globalized world include: ensuring that learners acquire the technological skills that enable them to access the global information and telecommunication networks, transforming learner attitudes and dispositions to enable them adapt to change and uncertainty, fostering character traits in learners that make them functional in a cross-cultural and democratic setting. Such traits include open-mindedness, tolerance and intellectual autonomy, enhancing learners capacity and attitude to think critically and creatively. Knowledge has become the most important factor in economic development in a globalized world, hence the use of the term Knowledge economy to refer to the contemporary global economy. Consequently, the ability of a society to produce, select, adapt, commercialise, and use knowledge is critical for sustained economic growth and improved living standards (World Bank, 2002). Education needs to go beyond merely informing learners. Learners have to be enabled to learn on their own, make sense of and apply knowledge innovatively. Learners, therefore, need to take charge of their thinking and direct it towards solving problems as wells as formulating and pursuing desired goals. Information and telecommunication technologies that facilitate and support knowledge-based activities have become extremely useful. Information has become easily accessible with the use of the internet hence the use of the term information age to refer to the 21st century. Merely consuming information uncritically is dangerous in a globalized age. Education should therefore enable learners to select, interrogate, evaluate and utilize information efficiently. 2.2.1 The global challenges According to Haag (1982) education systems in the world have expanded quantitatively rather than qualitatively making them unable to address current social problems. Although a lot of resources have been devoted to education, it appears like the systems of education have been ineffective in addressing social ills like inequality, intolerance, resistance to change, crime and violation of human rights among others. These social ills manifest themselves in rising levels of poverty, ethnic and racial conflicts and violation of human rights in many parts of the world. Ward and McCotter (2004) argue that developing thinking skills in educational institutions, though necessary, is inhibited by inappropriate teaching methods used by teachers, ineffective evaluation procedures and rigorous overload of the curriculum. Other negative factors include ineffective educational policies that emphasize content and structure of education while neglecting quality and process of education. Jelinek (1978 ) refers to the dominant expository methods of instruction as didacticism in which it is assumed that education is an act of depositing knowledge into learners who are mere depositories. The process of instruction is lifeless, petrified, motionless, static and compartmentalised and thus strange to the experience of the learners. The approach is irrelevant to reconstruction of the experience of the learners since they are considered to know nothing. Ultimately the approach tends to turn humans into automatons and therefore negates their dignity and abilities as human beings. Without development of thinking skills, graduates from educational institutions are observed to be limited in analytical, creative and innovative abilities that are essential in the modern knowledge based world of work. Leat (1999) blames inability of education systems to address contemporary challenges on faulty academic cultures and traditions. For instance, attainment of good grades and certificates using whatever means is valued as opposed to transformation of learners into effective agents of change in society. Unhealthy competition among learners is tolerated instead of developing the culture of cooperation and mutual responsibility. Rigid adherence to existing academic cultures inhibits ability to respond to change. Unhealthy competition among learners promotes antagonism and undermines team spirit. According to Perkins (1990) the culture in most educational institutions is characterized by minimal informative feedback and emphasis on traditional ways of doing things. This diminishes the exercise of individual initiative and choice. Consequently learners are denied an opportunity to develop essential characteristic of democratic citizenship. Such characteristics include respect for dialogue, freedom of expression and self-determination through individual choice. Barrow et al. (2006) reports that a study done in India revealed that the main challenges facing teacher education include meeting childrens specific learning needs, respecting students cultural and socio-economic context and involving parents and communities in school activities. The teachers therefore require interpersonal and counseling skills that can enable them to empathetically discern the learning needs of pupils. The teachers also need to be able to deal with diversity of learners and forge school-community collaboration. Douglass (2006) perceives preparation of employable graduates as the main challenge of education in the 21st century. According to him, emphasis on employability has led to other challenges. For instance, there are sharp divisions between scientific-technological academic disciplines on the one hand and social science and humanities on the other. He argues that there is an overemphasis on the value of scientific-technological disciplines leading to bifurcat ion of knowledge. According to NCCPPE(2008), the main challenges that education must confront in the world today include: conservation of the environment and sustainability of natural resources; the provision of health care; renewal of economic vitality; coping with change through learning; promoting core human values like justice, peace and equity and protecting human rights. This study endeavoured to find out the extent to which global challenges mentioned above impact on Kenya. It further sought to establish whether and how the system of PTE in Kenya was responsive to them. The study also designed a framework by which the challenges can be classified for effective examination. For instance, the following categories of challenges among others were be included in the framework: cognitive, cultural, political, social, emotional, economic, ethical, technological, and religious. Cognitive challenges include obstacles that hinder effective thinking. Such obstacles render learners incapable of analytical, evaluative and creative thinking. Such learners merely copy and reproduce the ideas of other people without being sensitive to context. Cultural challenges include stereotypes and prejudices that are embodied in traditions and norms of particular social groups. These traditions are passed on from one generation to another without critical scrutiny. In additio n cultural beliefs and practices tend to be ethnocentric. As such they promote conflicts and misunderstanding among social groups. Political challenges include ideologies and policies that are designed to facilitate acquisition and maintenance of political power. Often such ideologies are propagated in a competitive way without regard to sufficient analysis, evaluation and fair-mindedness. Social challenges include the need to accommodate diversity in the contemporary setting that is increasingly becoming multicultural. There is need for tolerance, open-mindedness and humility in interpersonal interactions. Emotional challenges have to do with inability to understand and deal with ones own feeling as well as the feelings of others. This is especially so in a social context that is dynamic, uncertain and stressful. Economic challenges include scarcity of resources and controversial methods of distributing the resources. These challenges are compounded by the increasing needs and wants characterised by the consumerist lifestyles. Ethical challenges arise from disagreements on principles of right and wrong leading to ethical relativism. Such relativism makes moral values difficult to apply across board leading to ethical confusion. Technological challenges include inability to control and manage the use of technology in a way that benefits society without endangering wellbeing. Such challenges include checking abuse of the internet, regulating the mass media and ensuring that nuclear technology does not get into the hands of terrorists. Religious challenges include animosity among different faiths that sometimes expresses itself in overt violent practices. Religious fanatics often engage in breach of human rights and criminal activities in the name of God. All these challenges cannot be effectively addressed unless education empowers the learners and society at large to think for themselves, analyse and evaluate issues, question beliefs and claims as well as develop the ability to creatively solve problems. 2.2.2 The challenges in Africa Assie-Lumumba (2006) perceives the debt burden, ethnic violence, armed conflicts and the scourge of HIV and AIDS as the most visible challenges that impact education in Africa. What is needed is an education system that can empower Africans to participate in the production and application of knowledge relevant in addressing these challenges and promote broad societal advancement. In Ghana, the need to develop thinking skills among learners has been recognized as a viable way of addressing contemporary challenges facing Africa. However in practice, the development of such skills has not been given adequate attention (Acheampong, 2001; Hill, 2000). There exists a mismatch between the professed value of thinking skills in education and actual efforts to develop such skills in teacher training institutions. According to Owu-Ewie (2007), classroom environment in many educational institutions in Ghana inhibit thinking in students. The teachers have been observed to be autocratic and rigid in imposing their views on students. The opinions of students are disrespected and discarded thus discouraging learner participation, curiosity and creativity. Teachers make poor use of questioning and motivation and use the lecture method predominantly. The education system fosters rote learning, drilling and exam orientation. Such a system does not facilitate a healthy teacher-learner interaction. According to Barrow et al (2006), studies done in Namibia and Nigeria reveal additional challenges facing education in Africa. In Namibia, although educational policies are strongly based on active learning and learner-centered theoretical foundation, in practice, these lofty theories are not effectively implemented. The educational policies are poorly understood, interpreted and executed. The study findings support school-based teacher professional development programs, associated with whole-school improvement programs, as very promising ways of increasing understanding and effective implementation of active-learning policies. In Nigeria, religious tensions and economic empowerment are the challenges that education needs to address. Teachers have therefore to be empowered to facilitate inter-faith harmony, creativity and self-reliance among learners. In Ethiopia, poor quality of education, insufficient financing, lack of equity and poor management are the key challenges facing educa tion (Ethiopian National Agency for UNESCO, 2001). Consequently, the ongoing educational reform encompasses every aspect of the educational system- the curricula, teacher training, educational inputs, educational finance, organization and management, structure of education, career structure of teachers, and evaluation. The reform is aimed at total restructuring of the educational system. This study examined the challenges above and related them to those in Kenya and the rest of the world. It also compared the strategies employed to address the challenges with a view to reconstructing a more responsive approach to the challenges relevant to PTE in Kenya. 2.2.3 The challenges in Kenya In Kenya, some of the 21st century challenges are HIV AIDS, gender awareness, and sensitivity to human rights (K.I.E., 2004a and 2004b). Others include poverty, crime, drug abuse, and unemployment. These challenges require that education empowers the learner to reflect and respond to them pro-actively. While informing the learners about these problems is important, empowerment of the learner demands a transformation that transcends the cognitive dimension to include all other faculties of the human person. This study explored these non-cognitive dimensions such as the creative, cultural, ethical and social among others. According to RCE (2007), sustainable development in Kenya (as in any other country) is complex since it encompasses social issues such as peace and security, human rights, gender equality, cultural diversity and intercultural understanding. Other issues include poor governance, corruption, increased incidences of diseases, erosion of cultural values and morals, among others. The economic issues include corporate social responsibility and accountability, ethical marketing, increasing levels of poverty and the widening gap between rich and poor. The other issues include trends of unsustainable production and consumption leading to inefficiency and wastefulness, poor enforcement of policies and regulations governing production and marketing. Environmental challenges include the energy, nutritional and other domestic needs of an expanding population, unsustainable use of natural resources (water, land), rural/urban migration, climate change, rural development, urbanization, disaster prev ention and mitigation concerns. This study examines the extent to which these concerns are addressed in PTE with specific reference to pedagogical approaches employed. Abagi and Odipo (1997) argue that the operation of primary education system in Kenya faces the problem of inefficiency. Low completion rates and national pupil-teacher ratio make inefficiency evident. In addition, teaching-learning time was found not to be utilized efficiently in primary schools. The factors that may be responsible for inefficiencies include: ineffective education policies and management processes, misallocation of resources to various educational levels; school based factors such as teachers attitudes, time utilization, school environment; and household based factors such as poverty. The inefficiencies identified above lead one to question the quality and relevance of education in Kenya. While Abagi and Odipo (1997) discuss inefficiency from the point of view of mismatch between resource inputs and desired output in terms of qualified graduates able to contribute to national development, this study explored another dimension of inefficiency which involves discrepanc y between pedagogical approaches and the achievement of educational goals and objectives. The focus therefore was on the process of teaching and learning in addition to other material resources employed to pursue the achievement of educational goals and objectives. 2.3.0 Global responsiveness to contemporary issues Shah, (1997) discusses the implications of globalization in the 21st century which include information revolution, dynamic demand of relevant skills, uncertainty of a borderless world economy, and intense competition among others. He suggests that responsiveness to this reality demands a paradigm shift in the management of human relationships in all spheres of life. Although he takes a political perspective and dwells on how a shift in modes of governance needs to be effected, this study adapts Shahs ideas to a globalized educational context. For instance the shift from management to leadership in political governance can be equated to the shift from authoritarian teaching to facilitative teaching in education. In both cases, control (of citizens/learners by politicians/teachers) is discouraged while participation, consultation and involvement by all parties is encouraged. This change is so fundamental that Shah refers to it as a cultural transformation. He describes it as follows: The culture of governance is also slowing changing from a bureaucratic to a participatory mode of operation; from command and control to accountability for results; from being internally dependent to being competitive and innovative; from being closed and slow to being open and quick; and from that of intolerance from risk to allowing freedom to fail or succeed (Shah, 1997) While responsiveness as described above is desirable and even necessary in the world today, it is not easy to accomplish. In developing countries for instance, the reform of the public sector has been attempted in many countries without tangible results. Shah (1997) regards attempts to reform the public sector in many developing countries as an illusion or dream. The command and control orientation is so entrenched that developing a client orientation that emphasizes collaboration and service is difficult to achieve. Consequently human relationships are devoid of a sense of responsibility and mutual respect. Relating these ideas to primary teacher education, responsiveness would mean enabling learners to be self-reliant and self-disciplined as well as actively engaging both teachers and learners as partners in the learning process. Leithwood et al (1994) assert that modern education systems have to address broader and complex goals, use a diversity of forms of instruction and strategies for learning to cater for diverse clientele as opposed to the traditional youthful learners. In addition, educational institutions will need technical resources to facilitate independent decision making and collaboration with other agencies. Future institutions of education will need greater decentralization of authority, empowerment of staff, and increased accountability to the stake holders they serve. Much effort will be employed to review the content of the curriculum and the process of instruction in order to enhance learning as well as forge useful links between the educational institutions and their environment. Specifically the following responses will be needed: provision of higher order thinking skills like analysis, evaluation and creativity. use of flexible client-centred forms of instruction and willingness to collaborate with other educational agencies. Addressing of cultural, religious and ethnic diversity and tensions and Increasing respect for the rights of individual, ability, race, age, sex etc which enhances equity as an education goal as well as equal access to knowledge. Beyer (1997) asserts that the best way to respond to contemporary challenges is to empower learners to learn. This implies facilitation of efficient and effective thinking. Such learning involves careful development of learner inclinations as well as their abilities to think skilfully. Barrow et al. (2006) reports that a research carried out in India suggest that one way of facilitating responsiveness among learners is to create a learning environment in which children are motivated to participate actively and are encouraged to think beyond their own context. This concurs with Beamons (1997) and Beyers (1997) view that the classroom environment should be motivating and provide opportunities for learners to use their cognitive and creative abilities. In order to develop the thinking skills of learners, the teachers need to use cognitive instruction approaches and learner-centred strategies which stimulate thinking. This study explored such approaches and strategies and endeavoured to find out whether they were being used in PTE in Kenya. Kea et al. (2006) recommend multicultural teacher education preparation as a viable way of promoting responsiveness to the challenges of the 21st century. Teachers who have learned culturally responsive pedagogy are believed to be more confident and effective in instructing children from diverse social, cultural, religious and economic backgrounds. Culturally responsive pedagogy involves adapting the content of instruction and teaching styles, curriculum, methodology, and instructional materials responsive to students values and cultural norms. Thus, the ultimate challenge for teacher educators is to prepare reflective practitioners who can connect, commit, and practice an ethos of care with diverse students and their families. According to Douglass (2006), responsiveness to contemporary challenges requires cross-cultural and human rights education. Governments should ensure that their primary and secondary educational systems provide for a balance and integration of national history and identity formation with knowledge of other cultures, religions, and regions. Educational approaches should be suitable for transforming the values of young people, their perceptions and knowledge about other civilizations, cultures and peoples across all regions. Critical thinking should be promoted in order to enhance fair-mindedness and objectivity in a world where information is being generated and disseminated at an amazing rate. Critical thinking is essential for analysing, evaluating and applying information. It is useful in combating misperceptions, prejudices, inaccuracies and outright lies among others. Critical thinking enhances the learners ability to separate fact from opinion, to evaluate information for bias, to construct and deconstruct meaning logically and relevantly. Such skills are important for promoting tolerance, mutual respect and responsible citizenship. This study examines the responsive approaches discussed above in the light of the Kenyan context. It aims at developing and recommending a comprehensive proposal of responsive pedagogies for teacher education that are suitable for addressing contemporary issues in Kenya. According to NCPPHE (2008) the most important educational goal is to facilitate learning by students and the society in general and thus create a learning society. In such a society, learning is a way of life and is therefore life-long. Optimized learning is that which helps strengthen democratic and civic institutions in the nation. This concept of learning extends beyond the education of students in classrooms to include educations impact on societal organizations, businesses, corporations, and cultures. This view is also adopted by Partnership for the 21st century (2004), which is a conglomeration of public and private partnership focusing on improving education in the 21st century. The partnership reached out to hundreds of educators, business leaders and employers to determine a vision for learning in the 21st century, to reach a consensus on the definition of 21st century skills, knowledge and expertise which will enable learners to thrive in contemporary world. This work endea voured to bridge the gap between the knowledge and skills most students learn today in school and the knowledge and skills required in the 21st century communities and workplaces. The critical knowledge and skills identified by Partnership for the 21st century (2004) are learning and innovation skills (creativity and innovation, Critical thinking and problem solving, communication and collaboration), information, media and technology skills (information literacy, media literacy and ICT literacy) as well as life and career skills (flexibility and adaptability, initiative and self-direction, social and cross-cultural skills, productivity and accountability, leadership and responsibility). The partnership also identified interdisciplinary themes which summarises the content that students should learn in the 21st century. These themes include global awareness, civic literacy, health literacy and financial, economic, business and entrepreneurial literacy. This study used these themes, knowledge and skills to evaluate the success of teacher education in Kenya in equipping primary school teachers to prepare pupils for the demands of the 21st century. 2.3.1 Responsiveness to contemporary issues in Africa According to Barrow et al. (2006) research carried out in Nigeria indicated that responsive approaches in education in Africa should aim at fostering moral values such as patience, tolerance, friendliness, compassion, empathy and fair-mindedness. In addition teaching methods and strategies should create and sustain a stimulating learning environment. Teachers need to use a variety of teaching methods to reach students at different levels of ability. In Namibia, the research recommended teachers reflection on their practice in order to seek way of improving teaching and learning. Learner-centred teaching, variation of teaching methods and strategies and positive teacher attributes like kindness and courtesy were also argued to contribute to responsiveness to contemporary issues in education. Ethiopian National Agency for UNESCO (2001) describes responsive education from the Ethiopian perspective as characterized by access to basic education for all, production of responsible citizens who can solve problems and cooperate with others in productive socio-economic activities. Other characteristics of responsive education include equity, community participation in education, and suitability of academic disciplines to the needs of the country. Quality and quantity need to accompany each other in educational matters; for instance, new educational institutions should be established and the existing ones strengthened in order to produce professionals at a quantity and quality levels that match the requirements of the country. 2.3.2 Responsiveness to contemporary issues in Kenya In Kenya, attempts at making education responsive to contemporary issues and challenges is reflected in the various educational reports that have been generated since independence (Republic of Kenya, 1964, 1976, 1981, 1988 and 1999). This is evident in the review of the said reports below. The Ominde Report (Republic of Kenya, 1964) was the first commission of independent Kenya to address matters of education. It made a lasting contribution by articulating, among other issues, the goals of education in Kenya which are reinforced in the commission reports that followed. Among the recommendations that the report gave included that: partnership should be forged between government and regional and local authorities in the planning and administration of education; educational policy should be consciously directed towards promoting national unity; religious instruction should be handled as an academic subject on educational lines dissociated from the sectarian objectives of any religious group; primary education should provide training in the rudiments of citizenship; education should be responsive to contemporary needs and modern educational practice; education should be child-cantered and child study experts should be included as lecturers in teacher training colleges. The Ominde Report (Republic of Kenya, 1964) identified a number of issues of which the following are relevant to this study and remain relevant to the current situation in Kenya: Education in Kenya should foster as sense of nationhood and promote nationhood. The post 2007 election violence revealed the fact that nationhood and national unity have not yet been successfully achieved in Kenya(Republic of Kenya, 2008a) and education, to be relevant must develop among learners and teachers alike patriotism, tolerance and mutual social responsibility. Education should serve the people and the needs of Kenya without discrimination. It should develop in learners the traits of fair-mindedness, empathy and justice. Education should enable learners at all levels to adapt to change. This requires analytical and evaluative skills that enable one to examine ones context, identify and define problems clearly and accurately. It also requires creative skills to enable one to formulate and implement relevant solutions to problems. The teaching methods prevalent in educational institutions after independence were faulted by the Ominde Report (Republic of Kenya, 1964) because they neglected learner participation, imagination and understanding and emphasised drilling and authoritarian teaching. Little attempt was made to adapt instruction to the needs of learners. In teacher training colleges, few lecturers were well grounded on the crucial question of how children learn or fail to learn. The report appealed for a paradigm shift in teaching and learning as indicated in the following: We do not believe that the students will effectively break loose from the old bookish, rote methods until they have themselves shared in the exhilaration of autonomous learning and have discovered how much more complete is their final mastery (Republic of Kenya, 1964, p.116) Gachathi Report (Republic of Kenya, 1976) expounded on the implications of the ideology of African Socialism on education in Kenya. The Report recommended the following issues which remain relevant to the contemporary Kenyan context: Education needs to continue promoting national unity in order to address social and economic challenges facing the country; education should be a tool for removing social and regional inequalities and creating international consciousness; education should enhance adaptability and management of change; education should foster mutual responsibility and cooperation and education should develop positive attitudes and values that motivate people to serve diligently, honestly and efficiently. The Report recommended that all educational institutions should give increasing emphasis on problem-solving teaching methods that have a bearing on the real life situation of the Kenya environment. This study examines the extent to which PTE has addressed the concerns and recommendation of the Gachathi report. The Mackay Report (Republic of Kenya, 1981) was mainly concerned with the establishment of the second university in Kenya. It recommended the establishment of the 8-4-4 system of education. It reiterated the importance of the following objectives of education in Kenya: fostering national unity based on the adaptations of the rich cultural heritage of the Kenyan people; facilitation of the needs of national development; development of skills, knowledge attitudes, talents and personalities of learners; fostering positive international consciousness and promotion of social justice and morality. The Report observed that formal education had tended to concentrate on imparting knowledge for the sake of passing examinations instead of facilitating problem solving. Kamunge Report (Republic of Kenya, 1988) addressed education and manpower training for the rapidly changing Kenyan society. It recommended

Internet - Ethics of Publicizing Security Vulnerabilities :: Free Essays Online

The Ethics of Publicizing Security Vulnerabilities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Abstract:   In 1988, Robert T. Morris Jr. released the Internet Worm Virus, which essentially shut down the entire internet for a day.   Morris wrote the virus using known vulnerabilities in the UNIX operating system.   When these vulnerabilities are discovered, should they be publicized or kept secret to prevent further attacks?   These issues relate closely to the concepts of open source versus proprietary software development.    In 1988, Robert T. Morris Jr., a Cornell graduate student, released a computer virus.   The goal of this virus was to propagate itself across the Internet and to infect as many machines as possible in as little time as possible.   The Internet Worm, as it came to be known, was very successful; it infected millions upon millions of machines and essentially shut down the entire Internet for roughly twenty four hours. As a result of his creation and release of the Internet Worm, Robert Morris spent years in courts and paid significant amounts of money in lawyer and court fees, but never went to prison for his actions.   The Internet Worm case brings up an extremely important issue that increases in importance each year as the world becomes increasingly networked via the internet and through other means; should people have access to information about vulnerabilities in computer systems, or should these vulnerabilities remain secret?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the time that Robert Morris wrote the Internet Worm, there were known vulnerabilities in the UNIX Operating System's Finger command, and in the Sendmail Daemon, the program responsible for transmitting electronic mail from one machine to another.   Anyone who had some amount of expertise in the UNIX Operating System knew of these weaknesses, yet no one had made an attempt to fix the problem.   Robert Morris apparently viewed this situation as a matter that needed attention, which many people speculate as his reason for creating the Internet Worm.   His ingenious virus used these vulnerabilities to attack systems and to propagate itself across the internet.   One fact is definitely known.   This is the fact that the Internet Worm gave many thousands of computer experts a strong reason to fix these vulnerabilities.    It is necessary to realize one important fact about the internet worm virus; it was not totally malicious.   That is, Morris did not write the virus so that it would try to do any damage to the hardware or software of the machines it infected.

Great Gatsby: American Dream

As time flows everlastingly on, the dreams which man builds Its self upon are prone to change. Throughout American history the American dream has changed from being one which inspired and fed the hopes of people all over the country, to the twenties' mangled interpretation of it, where everything revolved around money and status. This theme is expressed in multiple characters and more specifically Gatsby who is a prime example of such corruption.The untimely demise of Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby, signals the unraveling of the American dream. In the beginning of the novel Gatsby dream is pure in its initial form. Starting out his dream is Just like any other's, one with glory and a better life for himself as he believed he deserved. Eventually he gain his dream of riches, this being reflected In his new life In the West Egg with his mansion being brand new apart from the Ivy coating It possesses along with his vast amount of lawn area. Fitzgerald 9) Gatsby pays spec ial attention to his lawn also, cultivating It as he did with his rise to fortune and controlling most details apart from one section allowed to grow wild, which was a Indo to see the inner turmoil of Gatsby. This anxiety within is helped by the fact that one of Gatsby driving notions in the book was to When the realization hits that Gatsby dream is becoming a false sense of its self, the reader is forced to look deeper into the character of Gatsby and who he really is.This leads to the discovery of Gatsby continually living in the past, often times fabricating a story to make himself seem more outgoing and distanced from what he truly is, leaving the reader wondering â€Å"if there wasn't something a little sinister about him after all. (Fitzgerald 69) These tendencies led Gatsby to boast about what materialistic Items he has today and what he can give himself and others. Such as when Gatsby Is feeling anxious about Daisy coming over for tea he mows his own yard for a sense of con trol then extends his control to also â€Å"[send someone] over to cut [Nick's] grass. (Fitzgerald 88) Eventually, Gatsby possessive feelings lead to the corruption of his dream of winning over Daisy because he begins to want to possess her as well. The final turning point In the novel relating to Gatsby distress with his dream is he climaxing fight between Tom and himself over Daisy. Gatsby being so corrupted now, that he yells and forces his supposed true love to tell her husband she never loved him. (Fitzgerald 139) In the end this actually pushes Daisy away more and back into the arms of her husband, Tom.Within Fitzgerald novel the American dream was once seen as a budding new concept but In the end failed to bloom due to the circumstances in which the characters, specifically Gatsby, took to find their route to their believed happiness. Great Gatsby: American Dream By Instrumentalists As time flows everlastingly on, the dreams which man builds its self upon are In the beginnin g of the novel Gatsby dream is pure in its initial form. Starting believed he deserved.Eventually he gain his dream of riches, this being reflected in his new life in the West Egg with his mansion being brand new apart from the coating it possesses along with his vast amount of lawn area. (Fitzgerald 9) Gatsby pays special attention to his lawn also, cultivating it as he did with his rise to fortune hat one of Gatsby driving notions in the book was to materialistic items he has today and what he can give himself and others.Such as when Gatsby is feeling anxious about Daisy coming over for tea he mows his own cut [Nicks] grass. † (Fitzgerald 88) Eventually, Gatsby possessive feelings lead to the The final turning point in the novel relating to Gatsby distress with his dream is the climaxing fight between Tom and himself over Daisy. Gatsby being so corrupted concept but in the end failed to bloom due to the circumstances in which the